{
  "signal": "certvas-soe-procurement-v1",
  "name": "Certvas SOE-Procurement Signal",
  "version": "v1",
  "sku": "AF-TENDER",
  "label": "Published for research and informational use. Not administered as, and not for use as, a regulated benchmark.",
  "grain": "buyer_entity",
  "point_in_time": "release_date window; observed_at = knowable date (no look-ahead)",
  "snapshot_hash": "c8d8ddd49e3ca4ed",
  "caveats": [
    "Buyer-side by design. In these markets the organisations holding an LEI are overwhelmingly state and parastatal BUYERS, not their suppliers \u2014 measured on a Zambian window, 3 of 652 buyers resolved to the spine versus 0 of 1,207 suppliers. Coverage is therefore skewed to large public entities and is NOT a census of state procurement.",
    "A buyer appears only if its published name resolves to a canonical entity; unresolved buyers (most municipalities and smaller agencies) are absent, so totals understate national spend.",
    "total_tender_value is NOMINAL as-published (an advertised tender amount, not the awarded amount: not annualised, not audited, not deflated) and is published ONLY where the entity is single-currency. A mixed-currency entity reports currency = MIXED and a null total rather than summing across currencies. Counts remain comparable across entities; value does not, since no FX conversion is applied between different single-currency entities.",
    "total_tender_value is NULL, not 0, where the publisher discloses no tender value. SA eTenders (S007) publishes tender.value.amount = 0 on EVERY release \u2014 verified across 19,807 staged ZA tenders and 4,027 raw releases, none with a positive value \u2014 so every ZA entity would otherwise report a total of 0.0, which reads as 'procured nothing' rather than 'not disclosed'. Zambia (S043) does publish values, so a NULL here means undisclosed, never zero. Non-positive values are excluded from the sum, matching the Tender-Award Concentration Signal.",
    "top_supplier_share_pct is computed on award COUNTS, not value, and only over awards Certvas has ingested \u2014 a high share can reflect thin award coverage rather than genuine concentration.",
    "Concentration is a screening prompt, not a finding: a single-supplier entity may be procuring a specialised good. Nothing here asserts wrongdoing by any named organisation.",
    "Point-in-time: release_date drives the window; observed_at is when the tender became knowable in Certvas gold (no look-ahead)."
  ],
  "observations": [
    {
      "dataco_id": "DCBC991796239F695B6DC5EACE",
      "entity_name": "Bank of Zambia",
      "jurisdiction": "ZM",
      "tender_count": 2082,
      "total_tender_value": 2546750462.27,
      "currency": "ZMW",
      "award_count": 18,
      "supplier_count": 17,
      "top_supplier_share_pct": 11.11,
      "first_tender_date": "2024-02-07",
      "last_tender_date": "2026-05-29",
      "match_tier": "exact",
      "match_score": 1.0,
      "name_variants": 1,
      "observed_at": "2026-08-13"
    },
    {
      "dataco_id": "DCFA78D9B0C6013657236FE383",
      "entity_name": "Transnet SOC Ltd",
      "jurisdiction": "ZA",
      "tender_count": 642,
      "total_tender_value": null,
      "currency": "ZAR",
      "award_count": 122,
      "supplier_count": 109,
      "top_supplier_share_pct": 2.46,
      "first_tender_date": "2024-06-13",
      "last_tender_date": "2026-08-28",
      "match_tier": "exact",
      "match_score": 1.0,
      "name_variants": 1,
      "observed_at": "2026-08-28"
    },
    {
      "dataco_id": "DC45CE444C982EAB324B2E3010",
      "entity_name": "City of Cape Town",
      "jurisdiction": "ZA",
      "tender_count": 320,
      "total_tender_value": null,
      "currency": "ZAR",
      "award_count": 39,
      "supplier_count": 35,
      "top_supplier_share_pct": 5.13,
      "first_tender_date": "2024-06-14",
      "last_tender_date": "2026-08-28",
      "match_tier": "exact",
      "match_score": 1.0,
      "name_variants": 1,
      "observed_at": "2026-08-28"
    },
    {
      "dataco_id": "DC1538177BB9798EF6A0A58411",
      "entity_name": "eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality",
      "jurisdiction": "ZA",
      "tender_count": 289,
      "total_tender_value": null,
      "currency": "ZAR",
      "award_count": 17,
      "supplier_count": 15,
      "top_supplier_share_pct": 11.76,
      "first_tender_date": "2024-06-21",
      "last_tender_date": "2026-08-05",
      "match_tier": "exact",
      "match_score": 1.0,
      "name_variants": 1,
      "observed_at": "2026-08-28"
    },
    {
      "dataco_id": "DC8DCFDFB602D7AC44D178B1E0",
      "entity_name": "Kafue Gorge Lower Power Development Corporation Limited",
      "jurisdiction": "ZM",
      "tender_count": 287,
      "total_tender_value": 447292312.38,
      "currency": "ZMW",
      "award_count": 26,
      "supplier_count": 22,
      "top_supplier_share_pct": 7.69,
      "first_tender_date": "2024-02-08",
      "last_tender_date": "2026-05-29",
      "match_tier": "exact",
      "match_score": 1.0,
      "name_variants": 2,
      "observed_at": "2026-08-13"
    },
    {
      "dataco_id": "DC3E287223BE50B06DFAF180AE",
      "entity_name": "ZCCM INVESTMENTS HOLDINGS PLC",
      "jurisdiction": "ZM",
      "tender_count": 260,
      "total_tender_value": 353962554.55,
      "currency": "ZMW",
      "award_count": 0,
      "supplier_count": 0,
      "top_supplier_share_pct": null,
      "first_tender_date": "2024-03-11",
      "last_tender_date": "2026-05-29",
      "match_tier": "exact",
      "match_score": 1.0,
      "name_variants": 2,
      "observed_at": "2026-08-13"
    },
    {
      "dataco_id": "DC216388AE19752F2F153F2D78",
      "entity_name": "Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa Limited",
      "jurisdiction": "ZA",
      "tender_count": 152,
      "total_tender_value": null,
      "currency": "ZAR",
      "award_count": 31,
      "supplier_count": 21,
      "top_supplier_share_pct": 32.26,
      "first_tender_date": "2024-06-24",
      "last_tender_date": "2026-08-24",
      "match_tier": "exact",
      "match_score": 1.0,
      "name_variants": 1,
      "observed_at": "2026-08-28"
    },
    {
      "dataco_id": "DC94813D5C9F23175304499FBB",
      "entity_name": "Export Credit Insurance Corporation of South Africa SOC Ltd",
      "jurisdiction": "ZA",
      "tender_count": 4,
      "total_tender_value": null,
      "currency": "ZAR",
      "award_count": 4,
      "supplier_count": 2,
      "top_supplier_share_pct": 50.0,
      "first_tender_date": "2024-11-20",
      "last_tender_date": "2026-03-06",
      "match_tier": "fuzzy",
      "match_score": 0.9512,
      "name_variants": 1,
      "observed_at": "2026-08-13"
    },
    {
      "dataco_id": "DC61D363307CF25603C470EC43",
      "entity_name": "Public Investment Corporation",
      "jurisdiction": "ZA",
      "tender_count": 2,
      "total_tender_value": null,
      "currency": "ZAR",
      "award_count": 0,
      "supplier_count": 0,
      "top_supplier_share_pct": null,
      "first_tender_date": "2024-06-16",
      "last_tender_date": "2024-12-17",
      "match_tier": "exact",
      "match_score": 1.0,
      "name_variants": 1,
      "observed_at": "2026-08-13"
    }
  ]
}